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Julius Caesar

Roman general and dictator, 100 BC–44 BC. 2 explained quotes and 1 wrongly credited to them.

Marble bust of Julius Caesar
≈ Paraphrase · Start here
“Alea iacta est.”
Julius Caesar · 49 BC
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≈ Paraphrase
“Alea iacta est.”
Julius Caesar · Words spoken while crossing the Rubicon, recorded by Suetonius and Plutarch · 49 BC · Military leader

Latin for “the die has been cast.” Once dice are thrown you cannot take them back, so the phrase marks a decision that commits you to whatever happens next.

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“Veni, vidi, vici.”
Julius Caesar · Report of his victory at Zela, later shown in his Pontic triumph · 47 BC · Military leader

Latin for “I came, I saw, I conquered.” Caesar used it to report a victory so fast and complete that three words were enough to tell the whole story.

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✕ Misattributed
“Et tu, Brute?”
Often credited to Julius Caesar · William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act 3, Scene 1 · 1599

Latin for “You too, Brutus?” In Shakespeare's play these are Caesar's dying words when he sees his friend Brutus among his killers. The phrase now means shock at being betrayed by someone you trusted.

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About Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar conquered Gaul, crossed the Rubicon to start a civil war, made himself dictator of Rome, and was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March, 44 BC.

He was also a gifted writer whose own accounts of his wars survive. Several of the Latin phrases credited to him come to us through later historians such as Suetonius and Plutarch.